There are two general types of catheterization that are used to drain the bladder when natural urination is not possible. Individuals may require catheterization on either a temporary or permanent basis. The type of catheterization that is used depends on many factors, including medical condition and the patient’s ability to attend to catheterization on their own.
Permanent catheterization is necessary at times when people are physically or mentally unable to manage self-catheterization. A medical care worker inserts the catheter and it is held in place by an inflatable cuff. Urine drains from the catheter through a tube into a collection device that is emptied regularly.
Of the two types of catheters, the risk of urinary tract infection is highest with permanent catheterization. Care must be taken to recognize and treat UTI symptoms to prevent more complicated infections from developing.
Temporary catheterization or intermittent catheterization involves using a catheter to empty the bladder as needed. This is the preferred choice, as the risk of UTI is lower than with permanent catheterization. Intermittent catheterization also allows people to stay active.
Patients often are trained to perform self catheterization for flexibility and convenience. A catheter tube is inserted into the urethra, and the bladder is emptied into a urine collection bag for disposal. Care must be taken to keep catheters sterilized and to practice good hygiene to minimize the risk of infection. In general, self catheterization is safe. Self catheterization is usually necessary every three to four hours.
Condom catheters are an option for men who require either temporary or permanent catheterization in some cases. These catheters attach to the penis and allow the bladder to drain without the insertion of a catheter. Urine flows from the condom catheter to a urine collection bag that is emptied as needed. Condom catheters are not suitable for use by women, and they may not be appropriate for all men due to size and attachment limitations.